KTT G20 dan Kekuatan Diplomasi Indonesia
Presiden AS Joe Biden dan Presiden China Xi Jinping bertemu di Bali (Foto: REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque)
Penulis : Fathurrahman Yahya
Jakarta – Presidensi G20 Indonesia dan KTT yang telah berlangsung di Nusa Dua, Bali 15 – 16 November 2022 menjadi momentum strategis diplomasi Indonesia dalam menjembatani perseteruan pengaruh geopolitik kekuatan ekonomi dunia, utamanya Rusia, Amerika Serikat (AS), dan China serta memberi akses jalan kepada negara-negara berkembang untuk berproses berkembang dan maju.
Dalam jumpa pers, Minggu (14/11) terkait persiapan pelaksanaan KTT G-20 di Bali, Presiden Joko Widodo telah memastikan bahwa Presiden AS, Joe Biden dan Presiden China, Xi Jinping hadir pada gelaran tahunan 20 para pemimpin negara itu. Selanjutnya, Presiden Joko Widodo menegaskan bahwa Amerika Serikat adalah sahabat Indonesia dan Tiongkok adalah sahabat Indonesia.
Pernyataan tersebut merupakan pesan diplomatik yang sangat jelas bahwa Indonesia berada dan hadir di antara kekuatan ekonomi dunia itu, utamanya AS dan China.
Menjaga Keseimbangan Hubungan
Sejak estafet Presidensi G20 dari Italia ke Indonesia diserahterimakan pada 31 Oktober 2021 lalu, Presiden Joko Widodo secara dinamis mulai memainkan perannya menjalankan diplomasi bebas aktif sejalan dengan kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia.
Di tengah situasi perang berkecamuk antara Rusia (anggota G20) dan Ukraina, Presiden Joko Widodo berani mengunjungi dua negara tersebut menemui Presiden Volodymyr Zelesnky (29/6) dan Presiden Vladimir Putin (30/6) berupaya mencari jalan damai antara Rusia dan Ukraina.
Kehadiran Presiden Joko Widodo ke are konflik dinilai sebagai bagian dari diplomasi srategis Indonesia sekaligus bagian dari karakter komunikasi politiknya yang selalu mengentak perhatian khalayak di tengah keheningan atau ketegangan. Apalagi, banyaknya tekanan politik dari sejumlah negara anggota G20 untuk memboikot pelaksanaan G20 jika Presiden Rusia, Vladimir Putin hadir pada gelaran tahunan para pemimpin 20 negara tersebut.
Presiden Joko Widodo berbicara empat mata, baik dengan Presiden Zelensky maupun Presiden Putin sebagai upaya penyelesaian konflik sembari menjalankan diplomasi untuk menjaga keseimbangan-hubungan Indonesia, khususnya dengan Rusia agar tidak terganggu. Presiden Joko Widodo memudian menjadi sorotan media nasional dan internasional sebagai satu-satunya Presiden yang berani mengunjungi dua pemimpin negara yang sedang berkonflik tersebut, di saat para pemimpin negara-negara adidaya enggan datang.
Memang, penyelesaian Konflik Rusia-Ukraina tidak serta merta dapat diselesaikan dengan kehadiran Indonesia, tetapi melalui mekanisme diplomatik-bilateral maupun multilateral. Sebagai Presidensi G20 saat itu, kehadiran Presiden Joko Widodo paling tidak menyampaikan pesan diplomatik yang bebas aktif kepada dunia bahwa Indonesia memiliki kedekatan dengan kekuatan-kekuatan ekonomi dunia seperti Rusia, AS, dan China yang saling berebut pengaruh geopolitiknya khususnya di Asia-Pasifik.
Di sinilah diplomasi Indonesia telah hadir berupaya untuk menjembatani kekuatan-kekuatan tersebut yang kemudian dilanjutkan melalui forum resmi (summit diplomacy) termasuk dalam KTT G20.
Dorong AS-China Berdamai
Kehadiran Presiden AS Joe Biden dan Presiden China Xi Jinping pada KTT G20 di Bali memiliki arti penting bagi Indonesia sebagai pertanda bahwa Indonesia menjadi sahabat keduanya. Usai melakukan pertemuan bilateral dengan Presiden Joe Biden (14/11), Presiden Joko Widodo mengungkapkan bahwa Indonesia mendorong Amerika Serikat untuk mewujudkan perdamaian dan kemakmuran di kawasan Indo-Pasifik.
Kehadiran diplomasi Indonesia di antara dua kekuatan ekonomi dunia ini (AS dan China) sangat penting dalam rangka menjaga stabilitas dan keseimbangan-keseimbangan kepentingan politik, ekonomi dan geoplitik di kawasan Asia Pasifik. Secara geografis, Indonesia berada di wilayah “perseteruan” pengaruh geopolitik dua kekuatan ekonomi tersebut pada satu sisi, dan pada sisi lain, Indonesia juga dikelilingi negara-negara aliansi tradisional AS seperti Australia, Korea Selatan, dan Jepang, sehingga Indonesia perlu memposisikan diri yang tepat, sekaligus mencari cara agar dapat mengambil manfaat dan keuntungan dari perseteruan pengaruh geopolitik AS-China tersebut.
Indonesia memiliki hubungan baik dengan AS, tetapi juga memiliki hubungan erat dengan China. Persinggungan kepentingan Indonesia dengan China bukan hanya dalam hal volume perdagangan, ekonomi, dan investasi, tetapi juga poros strategis yaitu kemaritiman. Poros maritim dunia (Global Maritime Fulcrum) yang digagas Presiden Joko Widodo sejak awal pemerintahannya (2014) bersinergi dengan Belt and Road Initiative yang dirancang China sebagai salah satu kerjasama strategis antara kedua negara.
Sinergi visi strategis tersebut, telah dikukuhkan melalui Nota Kesepahaman Bersama (MoU) Indonesia dan China pada 2018. Konsep “Poros Maritim Dunia ” yang digagas Presiden Joko Widodo dan konsep Belt and Road Initiative yang digagas Presiden Xi Jinping setidaknya akan bertemu dan bersinergi dalam membangun konektivitas Indonesia dan antarnegara untuk kemakmuran bersama di kawasan Asia.
Presidensi Indonesia dan KTT G20 bisa mengukuhkan kehadiran diplomasi Indonesia yang bermanfaat dan berwibawa, baik dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang karena; pertama, KTT G20 di Bali telah mencairkan kebekuan hubungan antar pemimpin/kepala negara anggota yang selama ini mengalami hambatan akibat perbedaan kepentingan geopolitik.
Pertemuan Joe Biden dan Xi Jinping tampak dialogis, bukan konfrontatif, walaupun keduanya tetap memiliki prinsip berbeda tentang isu-isu yang selama ini mengemuka misalnya soal Taiwan, keamanan Hong Kong, dan Xinjiang. Upaya diplomasi Indonesia mempertemukan secara langsung (pertama) antara Joe Biden dan Xi Jinping di sela-sela KTT G20 di Bali perlu diapresiasi,karena bisa mencegah konfrontasi antara keduanya di kawasan Asia-Pasifik.
Kedua, pandangan Indonesia yang disampaikan Presiden Joko Widodo sangat erat dengan isu-isu terkini, utamanya tentang penguatan infrastruktur kesehatan dengan membentuk dan mengelola Pandemic Fund serta investasi pembangunan infrastruktur yang melibatkan negara-negara berkembang juga patut dipuji. Hal itu sebagai perjuangan diplomasi agar tidak terjadi gap yang lebar antara negara-negara maju dengan negara-negara berkembang dalam pembangunan.
Pendekatan dua sisi diplomasi dalam Presidensi G20 ini akan menguatkan posisi Indonesia ke depan. Indonesia bisa bermain dengan kelompok negara-negara besar dan maju, tetapi tidak lupa memperjuangkan kepentingan negara-negara berkembang. Prinsip politik luar negeri Indonesia yang bebas aktif akan menjadi kekuatan diplomasi Indonesia karena dengan demikian dapat mengelola perdamaian. Tinggal bagaimana selanjutnya Indonesia dapat memanfaatkan posisi tersebut dengan lihai.
Fathurrahman Yahya, peminat kajian politik dan hubungan internasional, mahasiswa doktoral Komunikasi Politik dan Diplomasi Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sahid Jakarta
Sumber : detiknews, “KTT G20 dan Kekuatan Diplomasi Indonesia” selengkapnya https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-6411017/ktt-g20-dan-kekuatan-diplomasi-indonesia.
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