Agenda Politik “Populis” Jokowi Saat Kampanye Pilpres 2024
Fathurrahman Yahya, Pemerhati Politik dan Isu-Isu Internasional, Program Doktoral Kajian Komunikasi Politik dan Diplomasi Universitas Sahid Jakarta.
Sejak pendaftaran pasangan Calon Presiden/Wakil Presiden pemilu 2024, Prabowo Subianto dan Gibran Rakabuming Raka, Presiden Joko Widodo (popular: Jokowi) tiada henti menjadi sorotan media dengan berbagai nuansa politik, terutama soal netralitas dan keberpihakannya terhadap salah satu pasangan calon Presiden/Wakil Presiden yang akan mengikuti kontestasi pemilu 2024.
Membicarakan sosok Jokowi) sebagai aktor politik lokal yang kemudian bertransformasi menjadi aktor politik nasional, menarik dan fenomanal di lihat dari beberapa perspektif, termasuk di antaranya perspektif komunikasi politiknya.
Sosok yang digambarkan Ben Bland sebagai politisi kontradiksi dalam “Man of Contradictions: Joko Widodo and the Struggle to Remake Indonesia” (2020), Jokowi adalah fenomenal dan selalu menarik perhatian publik. Sikap politik dan gaya komunikasinya yang dicitrakan “populis” kerap menimbulkan kontroversi dan multitafsir.
Agenda politik (keberpihakan) Jokowi semakin menjadi sorotan publik terutama saat makan bakso bersama Prabowo Subianto di Warung Bakso di sela kunjungannya ke Magelang Jawa Tengah, 29/01/2024 lalu. Demikian pula saat makan malam bersama putra bungsunya, Kaesang Pangarep yang sekaligus Ketua Umum Partai Solidaritas Indonesia di Jl.Braga Bandung Jawa Barat.Apakah kunjungan Presiden Jokowi ke Jawa Tengah, Yogyakarta dan Jawa Barat akhir-akhir ini secara kebetulan atau sudah terperogram sebagai bagian dari agenda politilknya?
Menguatkan Efek Elektoral
Dalam rangkaian kunjungan ke Jawa Tengah, Jokowi dan Prabowo Subianto tiba di Pasar Desa Bandongan lalu turun dari mobil Kepresidenan-RI-1,kemudian makan Bakso bersama di sebuah Warung pak Sholeh dengan kerumunan warga. Sejumlah artis dan influencer seperti Raffi Ahmad, Nagita Slavina, Deddy Corbuzier, Ria Ricis,Tarra Budiman, dll. ikut mendampingi Jokowi dan Prabowo makan bakso. Kebersamaan Presiden Jokowi dan Prabowo Subianto yang nota benenya adalah Calon Presiden di masa kampanye menuai kritik. Jokowi selalu menghentak keriuhan publik karena seketika bisa berada di tengah-tengah publik dengan gaya populisnya – sederhana dan bersahaja.
Bagi Tim pasangan calon Presiden/Wakil Presiden No.01 dan No.03 , kebersamaan Presiden Jokowi dengan Prabowo Subianto di Warung Bakso menjadi sinyal jelas “keberpihakannya” terhadap Prabowo Subianto dan putranya, Gibran Rakabuming Raka sebagai Calon Wakil Presiden. Artinya, penegasan Presiden Jokowi bahwa seorang Presiden boleh berkampanye tampaknya secara implisit “sudah dimulai”, sehingga tidak perlu ditafsir dan dikonfimasi berulang.
Walaupun bukan dalam konteks kampanye resmi pemilu yang dijadwalkan, kebersamaan dua tokoh tersebut setidaknya akan memberi efek elektoral melalui brand attention (perhatian merek) terhadap Prabowo Subianto. Jokowi yang kerap dicitrakan sebagai seorang populis, bersahaja dan dekat dengan rakyat selalu menjadi magnet warga masyarakat di manapun. Lebih dari itu, kunjungannya ke berbagai wilayah di Jawa Tengah dan Yogyakarta akhir-akhir ini juga tidak bisa dilepaskan dari “agenda politiknya” di saat masa kampanye. Setidaknya, untuk memilah suara pemilih yang selama dua pemilu Presiden/Wakil Presiden 2014 dan 2019 menjadi basis dukungan Jokowi dan PDIP yang saat ini justru menjadi rival pasangan calon Presiden/Wakil Presiden yang didukungnya.
Menurut catatan Komisi Pemilihan Umum (2014), pada Pilpres 2014 perolehan suara Jokowi saat berpasangan dengan Jusuf Kalla di Jawa Tengah mencapai 12.959.540 suara, sedangkan Prabowo Subianto yang berpasangan dengan Hatta Rajasa memperoleh 6.485.720. Dari 35 kabupaten dan kota di Jawa Tengah Jokowi menang telak di 35 daerah atas Prabowo.
Demikian pula pada Pilpres 2019, menurut catatan hasil rekapitulasi nasional Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) pasangan Jokowi-Maruf Amin unggul telak atas rivalnya Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Salahudin Uno sebesar 77,26% atau 16,7 juta suara dengan dibandingkan pesaingnya yang hanya memperoleh 22,74% atau 4,9 juta suara.
Dari data-data tersebut, kunjungan intensif Presiden Jokowi ke daerah-daerah yang dikemas dengan berbagai agenda misalnya membagikan serfikat tanah, bansos, dll. dalam perspektif komunikasi politik sebagai – atensi – pesan bahwa Jokowi di akhir masa jabatannya tidak melupakan daerah-daerah yang pernah menjadi lumbung suara pada pemilu sebelumnya dan memberi pesan akan dilanjutkan oleh penerusnya yaitu Prabowo Subianto dan putra sulungnya, Gibran Rakabuming Raka.
Di sini, Jokowi sudah memperlihatkan kelihaiannya dalam memainkan jurus politik di masa-masa kampanye dengan berbagai cara yang tentunya sudah diagendakan. Ia sangat paham bagaimana memanfaatkan instink politik dengan gaya komunikasinya yang lunak (soft) untuk memunculkan efek elektoral secara massif bagi dirinya dan orang yang ada disekitarnya.
Menggunakan Pola Lama
Terlepas dari pro dan kontra terhadap kebijakannya selama memerintah, gaya dan penampilan Jokowi yang sederhana manarik simpati khalayak. Dalam banyak kesempatan berbicara di hadapan khalayak- secara retorik – ia mampu melakukan komunikasi verbal secara sederhana, terbuka, lugas dan mudah dimengerti. Tetapi, di saat yang lain Ia juga kerap melakukan komunikasi (politik) non verbal – gestur – gerak dan bahasa tubuh – yang mengandung makna dan tafsir politik tertentu.
Jokowi sebagai komunikator – dicermati memiliki ciri dan karakter – konteks komunikasi budaya rendah dan budaya tinggi (low context culture and high context culture – communication) dalam tradisi komunikasi intercultural yang dikenalkan Edward T.Hall (1950-1955), dan populis communication dalam (Schulz et al., 2018) atau interaksi daramaturgi sebagai konsep interaksi sosial – simbolik – Erving Goffman dalam (“Presentation of Self in Everyday Life” : 1959) bahwa komunikator merepresentasikan apa yang dimaksudkan untuk berkomunikasi dengan sesamannya.
Saat di Yogyakarta, Selasa (29/1/2024) kehadiran Presiden Jokowi di Mall bersama sejumlah Menterinya sambil “ngopi” tentu menjadi pusat perhatian warga. Keberadaannya di tengah kerumunan warga setidaknya menjadi “objek advertorial” di ruang publik yang diharapkan akan berdampak elektoral bagi calon yang didukungnya. Strategi ini merupakan pola lama yang digunakan sejak kampanye pemilu 2014 dan 2019 hingga menjabat Presiden.
Saat berkunjung ke suatu daerah, tanpa protokoler yang ketat, biasanya Presiden Jokowi secara tiba-tiba menyeruak ke tengah-tengah publik di dalam Pusat Perbelanjaan dengan memakai sandal jepit atau pergi ke Tukang Cukur biasa bukan Salon mewah atau mengendarai sepeda motor custom karya anak muda menunjukkan sikap populisme seorang Jokowi yang “belum tertandingi”.
Dalam kunjungan ke Bandung Jawa Barat, Sabtu (3/2/2024) Jokowi tiba-tiba berada di tengan kerumunan warga, makan malam dengan putra bungsunya yang sekaligus Ketua Umum Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI), Kaesang Pangarep beserta kader PSI di Jl.Braga Bandung sambil menyalami warga dan berfoto. Momentum tersebut tentu menjadi bagian dari kampanye Jokowi dan PSI sebagai partai yang mengusung jargon PSI “Partainya Jokowi”.
Blusukan sebagai salah satu model komunikasi politik yang sering dilakukan Jokowi melalui – interaksi – jarak dekat dengan warga menunjukkan kedekatan Jokowi sebagai aktor politik dan sebagai seorang Presiden-dengan rakyatnya. Hanya saja, yang menjadi pencerematan selanjutnya, apakah model “populisme” Jokowi yang gencar diagendakan belakangan ini efektif untuk menaikkan elektabilitas kedua putranya – Gibran dan Kaesang- pada pemilu 2024 seperti pada masa kampanye Jokowi pada pemilu 2014 dan 2019? Wallahu A’lam.
sumber : Agenda Politik “Populis” Jokowi Pada Masa Kampanye Pilpres 2024 | kumparan.com
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