Pesan-Pesan Diplomasi Indonesia Pada KTT ASEAN ke-43
September 12, 2023
Presiden RI Joko Widodo dan Ibu Negara Iriana Joko Widodo menikmati pertunjukkan saat Gala Dinner KTT ke-43 ASEAN di Hutan Kota Plataran, Kompleks GBK, Senayan, Jakarta, Rabu (6/9/2023). Media Center KTT ASEAN 2023/Agus Suparto/pras.
Penulis : Fathurrahman Yahya*)
Pertemuan Puncak atau Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi ke-43 negara-negara Asia Tenggara (ASEAN) yang berakhir Kamis (7/9/2023) lalu masih menjadi perbincangan menarik. KTT ASEAN ke-43 menarik perhatian banyak kalangan karena selain berhasil menghadirkan para pemimpin negara-negara ASEAN, juga menghadirkan pemimpin dan pejabat tinggi negara-negara mitra seperti : Wakil Presden AS, Kamala Harris, Perdana Menteri China, Li Qiang dan Menteri Luar Negeri Rusia, Sergey Lavrov membahas isu-isu krusial geopolitik mutakhir.
Melalui Keketuaan ASEAN 2023, tampaknya Indonesia telah menempatkan posisi diplomasinya dalam kancah regional maupun internasional dan memaksimalkannya lewat dua panggung sekaligus yaitu “panggung diplomasi dan “diplomasi panggung”.
Panggung Diplomasi
Dalam pidato pembukaan dan penutupan KTT ke 43 ASEAN yang berlangsung di JCC, Senayan (4-7/9/2023), di hadapan para pemimpin dan pejabat tinggi negara-negara ASEAN serta negara-negara mitranya, Presiden Joko Widodo tampil percaya diri di atas panggung dengan pernyataan-pernyataan yang jelas, lugas dan tegas
dalam menyikapai persoalan-persoalan krusial regional misalnya masalah Myanmar, sengketa teritorial Laut Cina Selatan dan intensifnya rivalitas China Versus Amerika Serikat.
Sebagai ketua ASEAN 2023, Indonesia menegaskan bahwa ditengah perebutan pengaruh kekuatan besar, ASEAN sudah sepakat untuk tidak menjadi proxy bagi kekuatan manapun, bekerja sama bagi siapapun demi perdamaian dan kemakmuran.ASEAN serta tidak dijadikan arena rivalitas yang saling menghancurkan.
Beberapa pesan diplomasi Indonesia pada KTT ASEAN ke-43 tersebut secara substansial dan emperis benar-benar menyentuh persoalan yang dihadapi negara-negara ASEAN, di tengah meluasnya pengaruh China di Kawasan dan rivalitasnya dengan Amerika Serikat di Kawasan Indo Pasifik.
Pertama, Pesan Presiden Jokowi untuk mewujudkan kawasan ASEAN dan Indo Pasifik sebagai teater perdamaian dan inklusivitas melalui kolaborasi menuju kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran negara-negara ASEAN, menjadi sinyal penting netralitas Indonesia di antara dua kekuatan : Amerika Serikat dan China di satu sisi, dan di sisi lain menegaskan bahwa ASEAN sebagai epicentrum of growth hendaknya dijauhkan dari rivalitas tersebut.
Kedua, Pesan Presiden Jokowi di hadapan Perdana Menteri China, Li Qiang dalam KTT ASEAN-CHINA, agar semua pihak menghormati hukum internasional secara tegas memberi pesan kepada Negeri Tirai Bambu agar mematuhi hukum internasional dalam menyelesikan sengketa teritorial di Laut China Selatan yang diklaim beberapa negara anggota ASEAN.
Ketiga, Pertemuan bilateral antara Presiden Jokowi dengan Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat, Kamala Harris, yang membahas penyusunan rencana kerjasama kemitraan strategis komprehensif Indonesia – Amerika Serikat menjadi sinyalemen positif dalam menghindari potensi konfrontasi. Langkah strategis ini menarik untuk dicermati secara geopolitik, karena Indonesia bisa menjadi penyeimbang rivalitas antara Amerika Serikat dan China di Kawasan Indo Pasifik, dimana Indonesia sudah menjalin kemitraan strategis kompreghensif dengan China pad pada tahun 2013 silam,
Ketika Indonesia menandatangani Kemitraan Strategis dengan China pada tahun 2005, banyak pengamat yang percaya bahwa romantisme Jakarta-Beijing bersemi Kembali. Bahkan, romantisme itu semakin kuat saat Presiden Xi Jinping berkunjung ke Indonesia 2013, yang kemudian meningkatkan status hubungan kedua negara menjadi kemitraan strategis komprehensif melalui kerjasama kemitraan yang dikemas dalam proyek Belt and Road Initiative.
Pertemuan demi pertemuan Presiden Jokowi, baik dengan Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat, Kamala Harris dan Perdana Menteri China, Li Qiang, menjadi bagian peran “panggung dilomasi” yang sangat positif, dimana Indonesia menjadi pemeran penyeimbang dalam mengelola konflik dan membangun relasi antara dua kekuatan ekonomi dunia : China dan Amerika Serikat.
Diplomasi Panggung
Selain menjadikan KTT ASEAN 2023 sebagai panggung diplomasi Indonesia, Indonesia juga memanfaatkan “diplomasi panggung” sebagai ajang promosi keragaman seni budaya Nusantara kepada dunia.
Kemeriahan acara panggung pada GALA DINNER KTT ASEAN ke-43 di Hutan Kota Plataran Senayan, mendapat apresiasi sejumlah pemimpin negara, termasuk Wakil Presiden AS, Kamala Harris yang menggambarkan sebagai jamuan makan malam dan hiburan yang nyaris melebihi apapun yang ditampilkan Hollywood.
“Diplomasi panggung ” dari event ke event internasional lainnya misalnya : gelaran ajang Olahraga Asia-ASIAN GAMES 2018, KTT G20 di Bali Nopember 2022 dan KTT ASEAN ke-43 2023 di Jakarta menjadi pembuktian bahwa Indonesia pantas menjadi pusat perhatian dunia internasional, bukan hanya sebagai pasar, tetapi sebagai pusat peradaban yang sangat kaya dengan aneka ragam seni budaya.
Sebagai pengalaman, popularitas Korea Selatan di mata masyarakat dunia belakangan ini tidak bisa dipisahkan dari “diplomasi panggung”-nya yang memukau dan spektakuler dalam berbagai even internasional, khususnya lewat penampilan K-Pop yang banyak digandrungi kalangan anak muda, serta Dramanya-Melodrama Romantis dengan berbagai genrenya. Nah, belajar dari pengalaman Korea Selatan yang telah berhasil menjadi ikon culture pop ASIA di mata dunia melalui “diplomasi panggung”, bisakah seni musik Nusantara semisal Dangdut menjadi ikon culture pop Indonesia seperti halnya K-Pop?
***
Secara sederhana, diplomasi dapat dimaknai sebagai seni berkomunikasi dalam negosiasi, promosi dan relasi yang digunakan individu, kelompok, atau negara dalam rangka meningkatkan hubungan politik, ekonomi, budaya atau ilmu pengetahuan dan pertahanan guna mempertahankan kepentingan serta menjaga kesinambungan hubungan yang damai.
Lingkup diplomasi bukan hanya komunikasi dua arah melalui negosiasi dan dialog interpersonal, bilateral atau multilateral, tetapi juga mencakup promosi dalam konteks pencitraan dan pengaruh dalam rangka menjalin relasi antar negara, sehingga memungkinkan bagi Indonesia untuk terus meningkatkan “diplomasi panggug”nya dalam event-event regional dan internasional.
Setidaknya, melalui KTT ASEAN ke-43 di Jakarta, Indonesia telah menyampaikan substansi pesan-pesan strategisnya secara lugas melalui mikrofon dilomasi di atas panggung yang spektakuler. Selama tiga hari (5-7/9/), 12 pertemuan KTT telah diselenggarakan dengan menghasilkan 90 outcome documents dan sejumlah kesepakatan konkret dengan negara-negara mitra ASEAN.(Fath)
Fathurrahman Yahya, Mahasiswa Doktoral Kajian Komunikasi Politik dan Diplomasi, Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sahid Jakarta
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