Pesan dan Peran Diplomasi Indonesia di KTT ASEAN ke-43
Foto: Pool
Fathurrahman Yahya – detikNews
Jumat, 15 Sep 2023 10:18 WIB
Jakarta – Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi (KTT) ke-43 negara-negara Asia Tenggara (ASEAN) yang berakhir Kamis (7/9) lalu masih menjadi perbincangan menarik. KTT ASEAN ke-43 menarik perhatian banyak kalangan karena selain berhasil menghadirkan para pemimpin negara-negara ASEAN, juga menghadirkan pemimpin dan pejabat tinggi negara-negara mitra seperti Wakil Presiden AS Kamala Harris, Perdana Menteri Cina Li Qiang, dan Menteri Luar Negeri Rusia Sergey Lavrov membahas isu-isu krusial geopolitik mutakhir.
Melalui Keketuaan ASEAN 2023, tampaknya Indonesia telah menempatkan posisi diplomasinya dalam kancah regional maupun internasional dan memaksimalkannya lewat dua panggung sekaligus yaitu “panggung diplomasi dan “diplomasi panggung”.
Panggung Diplomasi
Dalam pidato pembukaan dan penutupan KTT yang berlangsung di JCC, Senayan (4 -7 /9), di hadapan para pemimpin dan pejabat tinggi negara-negara ASEAN serta negara-negara mitranya, Presiden Joko Widodo tampil percaya diri di atas panggung dengan pernyataan-pernyataan yang jelas, lugas ,dan tegas dalam menyikapi persoalan-persoalan krusial regional, misalnya masalah Myanmar, sengketa teritorial Laut Cina Selatan, dan intensifnya rivalitas Cina Versus Amerika Serikat.
Sebagai ketua ASEAN 2023, Indonesia menegaskan bahwa di tengah perebutan pengaruh kekuatan besar, ASEAN sudah sepakat untuk tidak menjadi proxy bagi kekuatan mana pun, bekerja sama bagi siapapun demi perdamaian dan kemakmuran.ASEAN serta tidak dijadikan arena rivalitas yang saling menghancurkan.
Beberapa pesan diplomasi Indonesia pada KTT ASEAN ke-43 tersebut secara substansial dan empiris benar-benar menyentuh persoalan yang dihadapi negara-negara ASEAN, di tengah meluasnya pengaruh Cina di Kawasan dan rivalitasnya dengan Amerika Serikat di Kawasan Indo Pasifik.
Pertama, pesan Presiden Jokowi untuk mewujudkan kawasan ASEAN dan Indo Pasifik sebagai teater perdamaian dan inklusivitas melalui kolaborasi menuju kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran negara-negara ASEAN menjadi sinyal penting netralitas Indonesia di antara dua kekuatan, yakni Amerika Serikat dan Cina di satu sisi, dan di sisi lain menegaskan bahwa ASEAN sebagai epicentrum of growth hendaknya dijauhkan dari rivalitas tersebut.
Kedua, pesan Presiden Jokowi di hadapan Perdana Menteri Cina Li Qiang dalam KTT ASEAN-CHINA, agar semua pihak menghormati hukum internasional secara tegas memberi pesan kepada Negeri Tirai Bambu agar mematuhi hukum internasional dalam menyelesaikan sengketa teritorial di Laut China Selatan yang diklaim beberapa negara anggota ASEAN.
Ketiga, pertemuan bilateral antara Presiden Jokowi dengan Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat Kamala Harris, yang membahas penyusunan rencana kerja sama kemitraan strategis komprehensif Indonesia – Amerika Serikat menjadi sinyalemen positif dalam menghindari potensi konfrontasi. Langkah strategis ini menarik untuk dicermati secara geopolitik, karena Indonesia bisa berperan menjadi penyeimbang rivalitas antara Amerika Serikat dan Cina di Kawasan Indo Pasifik, di mana Indonesia sudah menjalin kemitraan strategis komprehensif dengan Cina pad pada 2013 silam,
Ketika Indonesia menandatangani kemitraan strategis dengan Cina pada 2005, banyak pengamat yang percaya bahwa romantisme Jakarta – Beijing bersemi kembali. Bahkan, romantisme itu semakin kuat saat Presiden Xi Jinping berkunjung ke Indonesia 2013, yang kemudian meningkatkan status hubungan kedua negara menjadi kemitraan strategis komprehensif melalui kerja sama kemitraan yang dikemas dalam proyek Belt and Road Initiative.
Pertemuan demi pertemuan Presiden Jokowi, baik dengan Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat Kamala Harris dan Perdana Menteri Cina Li Qiang, menjadi bagian peran “panggung diplomasi” yang sangat positif, dimana Indonesia menjadi pemeran penyeimbang dalam upaya mengelola konflik dan membangun relasi antara dua kekuatan ekonomi dunia yaitu Cina dan Amerika Serikat.
Selain menjadikan KTT ASEAN 2023 sebagai panggung bagi diplomasi, Indonesia juga memanfaatkan “diplomasi panggung” sebagai ajang promosi keragaman seni budaya Nusantara kepada dunia.
Kemeriahan acara panggung di Gala Dinner di Hutan Kota Plataran Senayan mendapat apresiasi sejumlah pemimpin negara, termasuk Wakil Presiden AS Kamala Harris yang menggambarkan jamuan makan malam dan hiburan yang digelar nyaris melebihi apapun yang ditampilkan Hollywood.
Diplomasi Panggung
“Diplomasi panggung” Indonesia sebenarnya menjadi perhatian dunia sejak gelaran ajang olahraga Asia, Asian Games 2018, KTT G20 di Bali November 2022, dan KTT ASEAN ke-43 2023 di Jakarta. Hal ini merupakan pembuktian bahwa Indonesia pantas menjadi pusat perhatian dunia internasional bukan hanya sebagai pasar, tetapi sebagai pusat peradaban yang sangat kaya dengan aneka ragam seni budaya.
Perwajahan “panggung” Korea Selatan yang ekspresif menjadi pengalaman menarik dan perlu dicermati dalam konteks diplomasi. Sejak tahun 2000-an, meningkatnya popularitas Korea Selatan di mata masyarakat dunia belakangan ini tidak bisa dipisahkan dari “diplomasi panggung”-nya yang memukau dan spektakuler dalam berbagai acara internasional. Melalui penampilan panggung K-Pop yang banyak diminati kalangan anak muda, serta melodrama romantis (drakor) dengan berbagai genrenya, Korea Selatan berhasil menjadi ikon pop culture Asia dan bertransformasi menjadi kekuatan menengah di Asia.
Bisakah seni musik Nusantara semisal dangdut menjadi ikon pop culture Indonesia seperti halnya K-Pop?
Lingkup diplomasi bukan hanya komunikasi dua arah melalui negosiasi dan dialog interpersonal, bilateral atau multilateral, tetapi juga mencakup promosi dalam konteks pencitraan dan pengaruh dalam rangka menjalin relasi antarnegara.
Diplomasi panggung yang ditampilkan meriah pada rangkaian kegiatan KTT ASEAN ke-43, sangat memungkinkan bagi Indonesia untuk lebih berperan dan berkiprah dalam berbagai acara regional dan internasional. Setidaknya, melalui KTT ASEAN ke-43 di Jakarta, Indonesia telah menyampaikan substansi pesan-pesan strategisnya secara lugas melalui mikrofon diplomasi di atas podium dan panggung yang spektakuler.
*)Fathurrahman Yahya, Mahasiswa Doktoral Kajian Komunikasi Politik dan Diplomasi Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sahid Jakarta
Baca artikel detiknews, “Pesan dan Peran Diplomasi Indonesia di KTT ASEAN ke-43” selengkapnya https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-6930904/pesan-dan-peran-diplomasi-indonesia-di-ktt-asean-ke-43.
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