Membaca Relasi Psikopolitik Jokowi, PDIP, dan Megawati Soekarnoputri
Presiden Joko Widodo bersama Ketua Umum PDIP Megawati Soekarnoputri menyapa simpatisan PDIP pada acara Bulan Bung Karno di GBK Sabtu (24/6). Foto: Jamal Ramadhan/kumparan
Fathurrahman YahyaPemerhati Politik dan Isu-Isu Internasional, Mahasiswa Program Doktoral Kajian Komunikasi Politik dan Diplomasi Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sahid Jakarta.Kumparan.com, 27 Juli 2023 18:36
Hubungan Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) dengan PDIP dan Ketua Umum Megawati Soekarnoputri belakangan kerap menjadi sorotan media. Ketika terlihat ada jarak (politis) antara Presiden Jokowi dengan kepentingan PDIP, media kerap mengkonstruksi realitas tersebut melalui pemberitaan bahwa ada makna-kesan disharmoni dan keterpisahan (psikopolitik) antara Joko Widodo, PDIP dan Megawati Soekarnoputri.
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Meminjam istilah Direktur Eksekutif Parameter Politik Indonesia (PPI) Adi Prayitno dalam sebuah acara diskusi publik, seakan-akan Jokowi kalau bicara politik, bicara tentang Ganjar, politik elektoral di 2024, kalau bicara di PDIP rasa-rasanya tidak “at home, tidak vulgar, tidak nyaman.”
Kebersamaan dan kedekatan Jokowi (yang tampak di media) dengan capres Gerindra, Prabowo Subianto kerap memunculkan tanda tanya, ada apa gerangan di antara Jokowi, PDIP dan Megawati Soekarnoputri?
Isu keretakan hubungan antara Jokowi sebagai “petugas partai“ PDIP dengan Megawati Soekarnoputri sempat mengemuka ketika surat kabar Singapura, The Straits Times memuat isu tersebut pada edisi, 1 Juni 2023.
Sugguh pun PDI-P gencar melakukan dekonstruksi (Jacques Derrida: 1930) sebagai respons kritis terhadap isu tersebut, hubungan Jokowi, termasuk privilege politik putranya Gibran Rakabuming Raka (Wali kota Solo) dan menantunya, Bobby Nasution (Wali kota Medan) dengan PDIP seolah diungkit dan masih menjadi perbincangan. Apakah peran dan loyalitas Joko Widodo sebagai “petugas partai” PDIP masih perlu dipertanyakan?
Mengungkit Legitimasi
Gejala kerenggangan psikopolitik antara Joko Widodo dengan PDIP dan Megawati Soekarnoputri tampak mulai terbaca saat peringatan HUT ke-50 HUT PDIP (10/01/2023), kemudian pada momen-momen politik berikutnya soal rekomendasi (endorsment) capres.
“Pak Jokowi itu ngono loh, mentang-mentang. Lah iya padahal Pak Jokowi kalau nggak ada PDI Perjuangan juga duh kasihan dah,”-Megawati Soekanoputri (Kompas TV, 11/01/2023).
Pernyataan Megawati tersebut memunculkan tafsir dan kritik. Sebagian menafsir bahwa di balik pesan itu terdapat dimensi politik–klaim legitimasi–di mana Megawati “mengungkit” peran PDI-P yang diberikan secara istimewa kepada Jokowi hingga mencapai puncak karier politiknya menjadi Presiden Republik Indonesia.
Pertemuan Presiden Joko Widodo dengan 5 Ketua Umum Partai pendukung pemeritah; Golkar, Gerindra, PKB, PPP, PAN minus PDIP dan Nasdem di Kantor DPP PAN, Minggu (2/4/2023), memunculkan tafsir; renggangnya hubungan (psikopolitik) Presiden Joko Widodo dengan Ketua Umum PDI-P, Megawati Soekarnoputri.
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Pertemuan ketum Partai pendukung pemerintah yang kemudian melahirkan gagasan rencana “koalisi besar”, menurut Ketua Umum PAN, Zulkifli Hasan diorkestrasi Presiden Joko Widodo. Hal ini kemudian dianggap mengecilkan posisi Megawati Soekanroputri sebagai Ketua Umum PDIP, pemberi mandat legitimasi kepada Joko Widodo pada Pilpres 2014 dan 2019.
Bagi Jokowi situasi ini tentu dilematis. Satu sisi, ia mesti dekat dengan para ketua umum partai agar hubungannya setelah-purna tugas sebagai Presiden 2024 nanti tetap terjalin untuk kelangsungan program pembangunan. Tetapi, pada sisi lain, kedekatan, termasuk endorsement Presiden Jokowi terhadap figur tertentu sebagai capres 2024, dinilai melampaui kewenangan Ketua Umum PDIP.
Kehadiran Presiden Jokowi pada acara dukungan massa relawan Gerakan Nusantara Bersatu di Gelora Bung Karno (GBK), 29 November 2022 lalu misalnya menimbulkan friksi-friksi di internal kader PDI-P. Bahkan elite PDIP, utamanya Sekretaris Jenderal, Hasto Kristiyanto bersuara lantang mengkritisi kegiatan yang dihadiri Presiden Jokowi tersebut. Dalam hal urusan partai, sebagian menilai bahwa peran Jokowi sebagai “petugas partai” seringkali melampaui pimpinan partai.
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Dengan ruang gerak yang terbatas, tampaknya Jokowi tidak terlalu “happy” disebut sebagai petugas partai, karena akan berimplikasi pada “hilangnya” pengaruh politiknya setelah–purna tugas–Kepresidenan 2024 nanti, apalagi jika ia tidak berada dalam lingkaran elite struktural PDIP. Lalu, apakah PDIP akan mengeleminasi peran politik Jokowi?
Representasi ”Wong Cilik”
Sebenarnya, dalam masa tahun 2012 hingga sekarang, Jokowi dan PDIP berada dalam satu ikatan politik simbiosis mutualisme. Secara legal-formal dan institusional, dukungan PDIP memiliki andil besar bagi kemenangan Jokowi pada pemilu Gubernur DKI Jakarta 2012, pemilu Presiden 2014 dan 2019. Tetapi perlu dicatat bahwa kontribusi dan peran Jokowi bagi kemenangan PDIP juga tidak kecil. Kemenangan PDIP pada pemilu 2014 dan 2019 hingga menjadi partai penguasa, tidak bisa dilepaskan dari figuritas Jokowi dengan beberapa catatan; karena gaya komunikasi politik dan model kepemimpinannya yang populis mewakili “wong cilik”.
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Munculnya Jokowi ke pentas politik nasional pasca kemenangannya di Pilgub DKI Jakarta 2012 dengan berbagai gebrakan-gebrakan kinerjanya, sangat fenomenal. Dalam kalkulasi politis saat itu (2014), Jokowi memang belum memiliki basis dukungan politik yang mengakar kuat di bawah, karena ia bukan elite struktural partai. Tetapi, rasa simpati rakyat muncul karena semangat perubahan untuk membangun dengan ide-idenya yang dapat membangkitkan kesadaran kognitif masyarakat misalnya; ide kebangkitan industri mobil nasional dipadu dengan karakter kepemimpinannya yang tampak sederhana, energik dan dinamis.
Secara genealogis, Jokowi seorang putra daerah – dari keluarga sederhana-bukan dari lingkaran elite partai politik dan bukan pula dari trah Soekarno. Tetapi, kemudian menyeruak dalam pentas politik nasional mengalahkan tokoh-tokoh politik nasional pada Pilkada DKI Jakarta (2012-2014) dan Pilpres 2014 dan 2019.
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Gaya kepemimpinan Jokowi yang bersahaja, sederhana, tanpa berjarak dengan rakyat adalah modal politik Jokowi yang selanjutnya secara cerdas dikapitalisasi oleh PDIP. Gaya komunikasi, interaksi dan gagasan-gagasan politik Jokowi yang dinarasikan menjelang dan masa kampanye Pilres (2014 dan 2019) merepsentasikan semangat Trisakti Soekarno atau NAWACITA PDIP sebagai partainya ”wong cilik”.
Dalam perspektif marketing politik, gaya komunikasi dan model kepemimpinan Jokowi mudah diterima pasar. Saat kunjungan ke daerah misalnya, tiba-tiba Jokowi muncul di tempat keramaian (pasar atau Mall) sembari berbelanja layaknya rakyat biasa memakai sandal jepit. Atau pergi ke tukang cukur biasa (bukan salon mewah). Ia pergi blusukam pakai trail, sepatu kets celana jins, sneakers, atau membeli motor Chopper hasil modifikasi anak bangsa ratusan juta rupiah, walaupun hal itu akan jarang ia gunakan. Bahkan, Jokowi berani membangunkan isu besar “pemindahan Ibukota” ke Kalimantan yang tertidur lelap sejak diusulkan Presiden Soekarno tahun 1957.
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Sungguhpun ia paham bahwa mega proyek itu sulit dilakukan dalam waktu singkat karena memerlukan biaya tinggi (high Cost), gagasan itu setidaknya telah membangunkan kesadaran publik di seantero negeri bahwa nama Jokowi berada di balik rencana itu. Di sini, sebenarnya Jokowi telah menorehkan satu poin politik yang luar biasa, termasuk bagi PDIP.
Sosok Jokowi yang merepresentasikan ”wong cilik” itu secara nyata telah berkontribusi besar pada elektabilitas PDIP, terutama pada pemilu 2014 dan 2019. Antusiasme pemilih, termasuk di luar negeri pada dua pemilu (legislatif) tersebut misalnya karena ada sosok Jokowi yang merepresentasikan PDIP, sehingga pemilih dominan mencoblos partai berlambang Banteng tersebut, bukan gambar calon anggota legislatif.
Maka, dilihat dari variable-variabel tersebut, kemenangan PDIP tidak bisa dilepaskan dari figuritas seorang Jokowi sehingga peran dan kontribusi bagi PDIP tidak perlu dipertanyakan. Justru yang perlu dipikirkan PDIP adalah bagaimana agar pengaruh politik Jokowi (secara sosio kulural) setelah purna tugas 2024, tidak lepas dari PDIP.
*) Mahasiswa Doktoral Kajian Komunikasi Politik dan Diplomasi Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sahid Jakarta.
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