Pesan Politik dan Diplomasi Piala Dunia Qatar 2022
Jakarta -Sejak Komite Eksekutif FIFA bertemu di Zurich, 2 Desember 2010 dan mengumumkan Qatar sebagai penyelenggara Piala Dunia Sepak Bola 2022 mengalahkan Amerika Serikat, Korea Selatan, Jepang dan Australia, polemik dan kontroversi bermunculan. Bahkan, hingga menjelang akhir pertandingan final antara Prancis dan Argentina (18/12), berbagai macam kritik, tekanan, baik politik maupun diplomatik terus muncul, termasuk kemarahan Presiden Ukraina, Volodymyr Zalenzky karena FIFA tidak mengakomodasi permintaannya untuk menyampaikan pesan perdamaian-videonya terkait invasi militer Rusia ke negaranya.
Pagelaran empat tahunan turnamen sepak bola paling bergengsi dan digemari khalayak di seluruh penjuru dunia yang berlangsung di Qatar, 20 November 2022 hingga 18 Desember 2022 ini memang sarat dengan pesan-pesan politik dan tekanan diplomatik terhadap Qatar, baik internasional maupun regional. Maka, kemudian muncul istilah “politisasi” Piala Dunia 2022. Mengapa?
Politisasi
Sejumlah negara di Eropa, seperti Inggris, Denmark, dan Jerman yang mengirimkan tim nasionalnya ke Doha terlihat bermain politik sekaligus melakukan tekanan-tekanan diplomatik kepada Qatar. Soal HAM (terkait buruh migran) dan larangan kampanye simbol-simbol LGBT selama pagelaran piala dunia tersebut dianggap diskriminatif. Kei Stamer, salah seorang elite Partai Buruh Inggris misalnya terang-terangan menyatakan memboikot Piala Dunia Qatar 2022 (LBC, 22/10).
Nuansa politisasi Piala Dunia Qatar 2022 di Inggris memang sangat kentara, bahkan secara ekstrem melampaui kritik terhadap Piala Dunia 2018 di Rusia, walaupun saat itu Rusia juga menghadapi tekanan politik dan diplomatik internasional atas “invasi” militernya ke Krimea.
Catatan penting dari politisasi pagelaran olahraga dunia di Qatar semakin terkuak sebagai sikap politik berstandar ganda ketika Ketua Federasi Sepakbola Inggris Mark Bullingham dalam wawancaranya dengan jurnalis Skaynews, Rob Harris dikutip Dohanews (22/11) menolak melakukan kritik terhadap pelanggaran HAM Uni Emirat Arab (terkait buruh migran) lantaran tim nasional Inggris telah mengikat kontrak kerja sama (sponsorship) dengan penerbangan Emirat Airline hingga 2024.
Sementara itu, pemerintah Denmark tidak mengutus atau menyertakan pejabat negaranya pada acara pembukaan tersebut di Doha dengan dalih masalah HAM yang dilanggar Qatar. Tim Jerman juga melakukan aksi tutup mulut di lapangan menjelang pertandingan perdana melawan Jepang sebagai protes atas larangan kampanye simbol-simbol LGBT.
Maka, linimasa di jagad maya mengaitkan kekalahan timnas Jerman atas Jepang pada laga perdana Grup E (23/11) karena tidak fokus pada taktik dan strategi permainan, tetapi lebih fokus pada isu-isu politik yang diperdebatkan. Bahkan, lebih ekstrem lagi, kekalahan tersebut sebagai kutukan karena telah mendukung LGBT. Aksi (tutup mulut) skuad Jerman di lapangan juga mendapat kritik tajam mantan pelatih Arsenal, Arsene Wenger yang menilai bahwa tim-tim yang fokus melakukan aksi protes ketimbang fokus pada taktik dan strategi pertandingan tampil buruk di Piala Dunia. Pesan politiknya, olahraga sebaiknya tidak dipolitisasi.
Pesan Diplomatik
Satu sisi, tekanan politik dan diplomatik terhadap Qatar, utamanya dari negara-negara Barat yang merasa sebagai kampion Hak Asasi Manusia, terkait dengan isu pelanggaran HAM terhadap buruh migran selama pembangunan fasilitas turnamen dunia tersebut disiapkan, yang kemudian berkembang pada larangan kampanye simbol-simbol LGBT, seperti mengucilkan dan mengecilkan posisi Qatar.
Tetapi, pada dimensi yang lain, pagelaran Piala Dunia di Qatar justru menyampaikan pesan diplomatik-perdamaian yang genuine. Setidaknya, telah mencairkan kebekuan hubungan dan menguatkan kembali relasi diplomatik negara-negara Arab dan Teluk yang tergabung dalam Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) dengan Qatar.
Saat prosesi pembukaan di Stadion Al-Bayt, 20 November Qatar berhasil meyakinkan para pemimpin negara-negara kunci (Arab) untuk hadir secara langsung untuk mengirim pesan kepada dunia bahwa Qatar dan negara tetangga telah berdamai. Kehadiran Presiden Turki Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Putra Mahkota sekaligus Perdana Menteri Arab Saudi, Mohammed bin Salman, Presiden Mesir Jendral Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, dan pemimpin/perwakilan negara-negara Arab memberi pesan perdamaian tersebut dan menegaskan solidaritas, utamanya negara-negara Arab Teluk di tengah takanan polltik negara-negara Barat terhadap Qatar.
Solidaritas Arab semakin ditunjukkan ketika Timnas Maroko membuat kejutan bersejarah sebagai satu-satunya negara Arab di wilayah Afrika Utara yang lolos ke perempat final. Warga-masyarakat di berbagai penjuru Jazirah Arab dan Afrika Utara turun ke jalan ikut merayakan kemenangan timnas Maroko atas Portugal. Tim Singa Atlas asuhan pelatih Walid Regragui ini berhasil menyingkirkan tim-tim unggulan dari negara-negara yang melakukan “politisasi” Piala Dunia 2022 di Qatar.
Pesta sudah selesai. Qatar sebagai negara kecil di Jazirah Arab yang hanya berpenduduk 2,704,874 dan “dikecilkan” dengan berbagai tekanan politik dan diplomatik oleh sejumlah negara, telah memperlihatkan kemampuannya mengelola turnamen besar kelas dunia dengan apik. Qatar, tidak hanya mampu mengelola pengaruh geopolitik regional, tetapi juga mampu mengelola pagelaran olahraga internasional. Bravo Qatar!
Fathurrahman Yahya mahasiswa Doktoral Komunikasi Politik dan Diplomasi Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sahid Jakarta
sumber : Baca artikel detiknews, “Pesan Politik dan Diplomasi Piala Dunia Qatar 2022” selengkapnya https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-6471358/pesan-politik-dan-diplomasi-piala-dunia-qatar-2022.
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Penutupan Piala Dunia Qatar 2022 (Foto: Reuters/Bernadett Szabo)
Fathurrahman Yahya *)
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