Melihat (Kembali) Cara China Atasi Pandemi Corona
Penulis : Fathurrahman Yahya *)
Jakarta –Judul Buku: BERTAHAN di WUHAN: Kesaksian Wartawan Indonesia di Tengah Pandemi Corona; Penulis: M. Irfan Ilmie; Penerbit: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2020; Tebal: 126 halaman
Saat dunia sedang bergumul kuat dengan pandemi wabah virus Corona (COVID-19), China justru telah memulai kehidupan normal. Kehidupan masyarakat di Kota Wuhan yang menjadi pusat awal merebaknya (ditemukannya) virus mematikan yang mahadahsyat itu sudah memasuki situasi normal. Kegiatan sekolah di kota-kota China Daratan, termasuk kegiatan perekonomian di ibu kota, Beijing tampak mulai bergeliat. Perkantoran dan pusat-pusat perbelanjaan mulai beraktivitas kembali dengan protokol kesehatan standar.
Dengan situasi yang relatif aman, pemerintah China mengadakan upacara “kehormatan”, Selasa (8/9) untuk menghormati tokoh, figur individual, maupun organisasi yang telah berjuang melawan epidemi COVID-19.
Dalam acara tersebut, Presiden Xi Jinping memberikan Medali Republik dan gelar kehormatan lainnya kepada sejumlah pihak, baik individu maupun organisasi yang dinilai sebagai “pahlawan” atas kontribusi luar biasa mereka dalam melawan ganasnya virus COVID-19, termasuk penghargaan kepada Zhong Nanshan (84), seorang dokter terkemuka ahli penyakit pernapasan yang dengan kapasitas keilmuannya telah memberikan advise kepada pemerintah pusat untuk melakukan penutupan (lockdown) kota Wuhan secara cepat dan tepat.
Dengan pola dan caranya sendiri, China telah berhasil melakukan pencegahan laju penyebaran wabah virus COVID-19 secara signifikan. Menurut laporan Komisi Kesehatan China (NHC), hingga 11 September 2020, pukul 24.00 waktu Beijing, secara kumulatif kasus COVID-19 di seluruh wilayah China daratan berjumlah 85.174 kasus dengan angka kematian 4.634 orang dan pasien sembuh 80.386 orang. Artinya, hanya tinggal 154 kasus terkonfirmasi positif.
Pertanyaannya, bagaimana negara sosialis-komunis dengan jumlah penduduknya yang mencapai sekitar 1.393 miliar (2018) itu mampu memerangi wabah ini dengan cepat? Beberapa jawaban atas pertanyaan itu dapat ditemukan dalam pengamatan dan penelusuran langsung, M. Irfan llmie, seorang wartawan LKBN Antara yang bertugas di Beijing.
Penelusuran dan pengalaman Irfan Ilmie pada saat-saat situasi mencekam di Wuhan dihimpun dalam buku berjudul Bertahan di Wuhan: Kesaksian Wartawan Indonesia di Tengah Pandemi Corona.
Gerak Cepat Tanpa Debat
Keputusan pemerintah Beijing untuk menutup jalur transportasi –darat, laut, dan udara– dari dan ke kota Wuhan dilakukan dengan cepat. Kunjungan kilat Zhong Nanshan ke Wuhan saat melihat dan meneliti kasus setidaknya berkontribusi besar dalam pengambilan keputusan cepat pemerintah pusat untuk melakukan lockdown total kota Wuhan tanpa ada perdebatan di ruang publik. Pendapatnya sebagai seorang ilmuwan dan ahli penyakit pernapasan sangat dihargai.
Kecepatan gerak pemerintah mencegah penularan virus mematikan tersebut digambarkan Irfan Ilmie lewat suasana transportasi kota yang sepi. Kordinasi pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah begitu cepat. Sehingga pada tanggal 24 Januari, 2020 setelah diumumkan isolasi kota Wuhan, transportasi ke kota-kota besar di China seperti Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzho, dan lain-lain tampak sepi. (hal. 7)
Suasana stasiun dan gerbong-gerbong kereta cepat yang biasanya hilir mudik mengangkut penumpang tampak melompong. Pusat perbelanjaan besar di Beijing dan tempat-tempat ibadah, termasuk masjid ditutup menyusul pengumuman cepat pemerintah Beijing untuk menghindari kegiatan massal, menghindari penularan virus.
Bahkan, informasi dan pengumuman (mencegah penularan virus) yang ditempel begitu cepat di gerbang-gerbang perumahan, pusat pertokoan, tempat keramaian dan setiap pemegang telepon seluler dipatuhi warga tanpa debat.
“Di sini, negara-kebijakan pemerintah adalah di atas segalanya, sehingga setiap warga negara harus mematuhinya. Bagi yang berjasa terhadap negara adalah penghargaan, tetapi yang melanggar kebijakan negara adalah hukuman,” tulis kata Irfan Ilmie.
Reward and Punishment
Kesungguhan pemerintah Beijing di bawah komando Presiden Xi Jinping dalam mengelola manajemen bencana, khususnya dalam memerangi wabah virus Corona menjadi cerminan kekuatan politiknya.
Sejak diumumkannya perang terhadap wabah virus Corona, 20 Januari, ia benar-benar mengerahkan segala kemampuan dan potensi negaranya demi keselamatan dan kesehatan warganya. Keputusan cepat isolasi (lockdown) kota Wuhan tentu menjadi taruhannya. Ia berani “mengorbankan” ekonomi kota Wuhan agar sebaran wabah COVID-19 di Provinsi Hubei yang berpenduduk sekitar 11 juta jiwa dan memiliki produk domestik bruto (GDP) sekitar 224,28 miliar dolar AS itu tidak meluas. (hal.74).
Memang, kebijakan tersebut tampak dilematis karena bagi sebagian pihak penutupan (lockdown) kota yang di dalamnya terdapat jutaan manusia dianggap melanggar hak asasi manusia. Tetapi, untuk menyelamatkan jiwa manusia dan penghargaan terhadap kesehatan manusia, China berani mengesampingkan penilaian terhadap pelanggaran hak asasi manusia.
Bahkan, menurut penelusuran Irfan Ilmie, otoritas China tidak segan-segan memberikan hukuman (punishment) kepada warganya yang tidak mematuhi aturan dan kebijakan pemerintah dalam memerangi pandemi Corona.
Kasus ini menimpa Ma Jianquo (24 tahun), seorang warga di Provinsi Yunnan yang melanggar aturan, yakni menerobos barikade pencegahan wabah virus Corona pada 5 Februari dan mengakibatkan tewasnya orang lain, sehingga ia harus mendekam di dalam penjara.
Dalam kasus serupa, ternyata Ma bukan sendirian. Banyak warga China lainnya yang melanggar aturan penanganan COVID-19 yang kemudian berujung pada hukuman penjara. Hukuman (punishment) dalam perang melawan wabah Corona di China tidak hanya berlaku bagi warga, tetapi juga berlaku bagi pejabat pemerintah-negara.
Presiden Xi Jinping yang sekaligus Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis China (CPC) tidak segan-segan menjatuhkan hukuman politik kepada siapapun, termasuk pejabat negara. Wali Kota Wuhan, Gubernur Provinsi Hubei, serta pejabat struktural partai di daerah itu juga dicopot karena dianggap gagal mengatasi wabah virus Corona yang mematikan. (hal.76).
“Brutal Tapi Efektif”
Setelah kehidupan kota Wuhan berangsur pulih, strategi isolasi (lockdown) kota Wuhan ala China dinilai oleh sebagian media Barat sebagai cara “brutal tapi efektif”. Hanya saja, model China yang menganut sistem sosialis-komunis tampaknya tidak efektif bagi negara Barat penganut sistem kapitalis-demokratis, karena yang mereka kedepankan adalah narasi kebebasan dan hak-hak asasi manusia, sementara China mengedepankan atensi terhadap kesehatan manusia.
Setidaknya, karya Irfan Ilmie yang mengupas tentang efektivitas penanganan COVID-19 di China melalui cara total lockdown di kota Wuhan dan partial lockdown di sejumlah kota di China, termasuk di Beijing, memberi gambaran dan pembelajaran tentang strategi penanganan wabah COVID-19 yang mungkin bisa diadopsi negara lain, termasuk Indonesia.
Tentu saja, keberhasilan China dalam melawan virus ini bukan hanya pada strategi isolasi total dan isolasi parsial, tetapi pada bagaimana mengelola manajemen bencana. Yakni, koordinasi dan kolaborasi yang solid antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, instansi hingga ke tingkat komunitas, korporasi, kepatuhan masyarakat serta pemanfaatan teknologi mutakhir. Kini, ekonomi China tampak mulai menggeliat karena warganya sudah tampak sehat.
Fathurrahman Yahya WNI tinggal di Beijing
Sumber : (detik.com)
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