Manuver PPP: Lengserkan Suharso, Capreskan Ganjar Pranowo
Oleh: Fathurraman Yahya*
DI penghujung tahun 2022, saat partai-partai politik melakukan konsolidasi menjelang pemilu 2024, Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP), salah satu partai Islam-berbasis massa Islam – kisruh dan dilanda konflik internal. Suharso Monoarfa, Ketua Umum yang terpilih secara aklamasi melalui Muktamar IX di Makassar Desember 2020 lalu, dilengserkan begitu cepat dan digantikan oleh Muhammad Mardiono sebagai Pelaksana tugas (Plt).
Pelengseran tersebut memunculkan misteri dan teka-teki politik. Kini, misteri itu terkonfirmasi dan terjawab setelah partai berlambang Kakbah secara resmi mengumumkan pencapresan Ganjar Pranowo, Rabu (26/4/2023), mendukung Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjungan (PDIP). Hendak kemana arah politik PPP dan apa tantangannya menghadapi pemilu 2024?
Mengubah Arah Koalisi
Manuver Majelis Pertimbangan Partai melengserkan posisi Suharso Monoarfa dari ketua umum, melalui Musyawarah Kerja Nasional (Mukernas) PPP di Serang, Banten (4-5/9/2022), dianggap berani. Suharso dilengserkan saat beliau dalam perjalanan pulang dari Paris menuju Jakarta. Sejurus kemudian, Muhammad Mardiono ditetapkan sebagai Plt. Ketua Umum PPP menggantikan Suharso Monoarfa.
Bagi Suharso dan pendukungnya, pelengseran ini merupakan “kudeta” yang dirancang oleh lawan-lawannya di internal partai dengan berbagai dalih dan alasan. Memang, alasan yang mengemuka dan dimunculkan, Suharso Monoarfa dinilai melanggar “etika komuníkasi” dan menyalahi fatsun politik PPP yang lahir dari konsensus para tokoh muslim, ulama dan kiai. Cerita Suharso tentang “amplop kiai” dianggap telah merendahkan martabat kiai dan pesantren, dimana PPP tidak bisa dilepaskan dari peran kiai dan pesantren.
Walaupun, sempat ada perlawanan dari kubu Suharso Monoarfa, Muhammad Mardiono begitu cepat mendaftarkan kepengurusan PPP ke Kemenkumham, dan secepat itu pula memperoleh pengesahan SK dari Kemenkumham.
Hemat penulis, konflik di internal PPP (saat itu) bukan sebatas persoalan etik – komunikasi politik – Suharso Monoarfa mengenai “amplop kiai” yang dipermasalahkankan Tiga Majelis Partai. Tetapi, lebih pada persoalan taktis dan strategis partai menjelang pemilu 2024.
Memang, pada awalnya konflik internal yang terjadi di tubuh PPP saat itu diprediksi akan rumit dan pelik karena memiliki spektrum politis dan yuridis sekaligus. Dua kubu akan saling berebut dukungan politik di internal partai dan legalitas-yuridis di Kemenkumham seperti yang terjadi pada konflik-konflik serupa sebelumnya. Tetapi faktanya, Kemenkumham sangat cepat merespons dan mengesahkan kepengurusan PPP versi Plt. Mardiono.
Di sini, kemudian muncul tafsir teori relasi kuasa dalam konteks penyelesaian konflik di internal PPP. Arah koalisi PPP yang sudah dijalin Suharso Monoarfa dengan Golkar dan PAN yang tergabung dalam Koalisi Indonesia Bersatu (KIB) diharapkan bisa berubah haluan. PPP di bawah kendali Mardiono akan berpaling dari koalisi KIB, lalu bergabung dengan koalisi PDIP yang dianggap memiliki hubungan historis dan sebagai partai penguasa.
Keputusan cepat koalisi PPP dengan Golkar dan PAN yang dimotori Suharso Monoarfa, tentu tidak menyenangkan banyak pihak di intenal PPP, atau mungkin dari pihak (partai) lain. Di sini kemudian muncul friksi-friksi tak terelakkan di internal PPP, termasuk soal koalisi.
Sejak era reformasi, PPP tidak lagi menjadi oposisi, bahkan selalu berkoalisi dengan PDIP. Pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Megawati Soekarnopuri (2001-2004), Ketua Umum PPP, Hamzah Haz didapuk sebagai wakil Presiden mendampingi Ketua Umum PDIP. Pada pemilu 2014 dan 2019, PPP menjadi partai koalisi PDIP mengusung Joko Widodo. Artinya, bagi sebagian faksi di internal PPP, kedekatan PPP dengan partai penguasa bisa menjadi pertimbangan-pertimbanan politis dan starategis dalam kerangka koalisi ke depan, karena secara historis, PPP dan PDIP sama-sama berjuang melawan rezim Orde Baru yang direpresentasikan Golkar saat itu. Hanya saja, dengan posisinya yang terus mengalami degradasi, tidak mudah bagi PPP untuk melakukan manuver politik berlebih karena perolehan suaranya terus-menerus merosot.
Meningkatkan Elektabilitas
Merosotnya perolehan suara PPP dari waktu ke waktu, tentu menjadi tantangan berat menuju pemilu 2024. Sejak era reformasi, dimana partai-partai Islam atau berbasis massa Islam bermunculan, sebut misalnya; Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB), Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN), Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS), Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB), PPP sebagai partai Islam (tertua) yang dideklarasikan pada tahun 1973, masih eksis. Tetapi, eksistensinya terus digerogoti oleh imunitasnya sendiri, sehingga kondisinya semakin hari semakin melemah. Bahkan masih berjuang untuk bisa bertahan – suvive – dan mempertahankan kursinya di Parlemen yang saat ini diikat ketat oleh ketentuan ambang batas (Parliamentary Threshold) 4%.
Sebagai catatan, sejak pemilihan langsung, tahun 1999-2019, persentase perolehan suara PPP secara nasional mengalami penurunan ; (pemilu 1999-10,71 %), (pemilu 2004-8,15 %), (pemilu 2009-5,32 %), (pemilu 2014-6,53 %). Kemudian, pada Pemilu 2019, PPP hanya memperoleh 4,52 % suara nasional, dengan jumlah 19 kursi di Parlemen.
Bisa dicermati bahwa partai Islam yang sudah berpengalaman dalam pentas politik nasional selama hampir 3 dekade ini, kerap dilanda konflik internal yang kemudian berujuang pada pembangkangan-perlawanan-politik satu faksi terhadap faksi lain. Saat ini, tingkat elektoralnya semakin merosot disalip partai-partai pendatang baru semisal Nasional Demokrat (Nasdem) dan dibayangi partai baru non Parlemen yaitu Partai Persatuan Indonesia (Perindo).
Pada pemilu 2019, perolehan kursi PPP lebih kecil dibandingkan partai Nasdem. Nasdem memperoleh 10 kursi di DPRD Jawa Timur, sementara PPP hanya memperoleh 4 kursi. Padahal, Jawa Timur merupakan lumbung suara simpatisan partai kakbah tersebut.
Sejumlah lembaga survei merilis hasil riset mengenai tren elektabilitas PPP dalam kurun waktu beberapa bulan terakhir yang menunjukkan tingkat elektabilitasnya berada pada kisaran 2,4 % (Litbang Kompas/Januari 2023), 2,7 % (SMRC). Artinya, masih jauh berada di bawah angka ambang batas parlemen.
Mencermati angka-angka tersebut tentu merisaukan dan menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi elit PPP. Maka, manuver paling jitu adalah “menumpang” figuritas tokoh populer dan mengalihkan koalisi dari KIB ke PDIP yang sudah mengusug Ganjar Pranowo sebagai Capres, (21/04/2023). Satu sisi, PPP berharap mendapat coattail effect dari figuritas Ganjar Pranowo yang elektabiliatanya berada di puncak sembari menyambut Sandiaga Uno yang digadang-gadang sebagai salah satu cawapres Ganjar Pranowo. Pada sisi lain, PPP juga memanfaatkan momentum cepat dan tepat sebelum partai-partai lain bergabung dengan PDIP, karena dengan demikian, posisi tawar PPP akan lebih kuat daripada jika bergabung belakangan.
Bisa saja, manuver politik PPP dengan mencapreskan Ganjar Pranowo dan menyandingkannya dengan Sandiaga Uno sebagai cawapres 2024, akan menggerek tingkat elektabilitas partai berlambang Kakbah ini. (*)
*(Alumnus Pascasarjana Ezzitouna University Tunisia, Kajian Pemikiran Politik Islam/Mahasiswa Doktoral Komunikasi Politik dan Diplomasi, Pascasarjana Universiats Sahid Jakarta)
Sumber :Satelitnews /https://www.satelitnews.com/93284/manuver-ppp-lengserkan-suharso-capreskan-ganjar-pranowo/
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